Gum Health

Maintaining Healthy Gums and Teeth

Taking care of your oral health doesn't have to be complicated, and proper practices can prevent gum disease and tooth loss.

Gum disease stems from bacteria in plaque and tartar, a sticky film primarily composed of bacteria, mucus, and food particles that adhere to teeth. If left unaddressed, plaque hardens into tartar, providing a breeding ground for harmful bacteria, leading to gum inflammation known as gingivitis. Tartar removal requires professional intervention from a dental hygienist or dentist.

Gum disease progresses through three stages:

  1. Gingivitis: Characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums, gingivitis can often be reversed with correct brushing and flossing techniques if caught early.
  2. Mild to Moderate Periodontitis: Increased inflammation and bleeding around teeth occur, leading to gum detachment due to bacterial toxins in plaque. Treatment is crucial at this stage to prevent further bone loss and tooth mobility.
  3. Advanced Periodontitis: Deepening gum pockets and extensive bone destruction make teeth increasingly loose, potentially requiring removal if periodontal treatment fails to restore bone support.

Symptoms of advanced gum disease include persistent bad breath, swollen and sore gums, bleeding, receding gums, pain while chewing, and tooth sensitivity or mobility.

Risk Factors: Certain factors elevate the risk of gum disease, including smoking, hormonal changes related to pregnancy and menopause, diabetes, medications reducing saliva, and hereditary factors.

Prevention: Maintaining good oral hygiene by brushing and flossing at least twice daily is crucial in preventing gum infections, cavities, and tooth loss. Regular dental checkups (at least once a year) are essential, as tartar and plaque can persist despite thorough brushing efforts.

Proper Brushing:

  • Brush in the morning and before bedtime.
  • Use a soft-bristled brush and fluoride toothpaste. Electric toothbrushes, are effective.
  • Angle the brush at 45° against gums and brush each tooth gently with short strokes.
  • Avoid scrubbing and focus on all tooth surfaces, including inner and chewing surfaces.
  • Replace the toothbrush every 3 months, especially after illnesses.

Effective Flossing:

  • Use about 18 inches of dental floss, sliding it gently between teeth.
  • Curve the floss around each tooth in a C shape and move it up and down, ensuring it reaches below the gum line. Don’t forget the back of your back teeth.

Dietary Considerations:

  • Consume calcium-rich foods like milk, yogurt, cheese, green leafy vegetables, and calcium-fortified orange juice to maintain tooth-supporting bone.
  • Limit sugary foods and drinks, especially sticky sweets. Rinse your mouth with water after consuming sweets or consider brushing your teeth.
  • Opt for sugar-free gum if you chew gum.

By adhering to these practices, you can preserve your dental health and enjoy a radiant smile.